Crossmark

Crossmark Policy Page

This journal uses the Crossmark service provided by Crossref to maintain the integrity and transparency of the scholarly record.

By applying the Crossmark logo to our articles, we are committed to informing readers about any updates, corrections, or changes made post-publication.

Types of Post-Publication Updates

We classify post-publication updates into the following categories:

Correction – Minor technical inaccuracies (e.g., typographical errors, data corrections) that do not alter the core research findings.
Retraction – Withdrawal of an article due to major flaws or ethical concerns.
Update – Notification of supplementary material, addenda, or clarifications that do not change the conclusions.

Correction Process

Authors must submit a formal request detailing the nature and justification of the proposed correction.
The Editorial Board reviews all requests and determines whether the correction qualifies as a technical inaccuracy.
Accepted corrections will be updated through Crossmark and clearly visible on the article page.

Technical Inaccuracy Definition

Post-publication, only the correction of technical inaccuracies is permitted.

A technical inaccuracy refers to a minor error that does not alter the core content or conclusions of the research. Examples include corrections of dates, numerical consistency, and other similar issues.

Technical inaccuracies may also include errors made by the author that slightly affect specific aspects of the article, but do not compromise its overall scientific validity, editorial standards, or the integrity of the findings.

It is essential that any correction does not change the primary context of the article or negatively affect its credibility and quality.

The author must provide a convincing justification for the proposed correction, which will be evaluated by the Editorial Board.

Retraction

A retraction may be initiated by the authors, members of the editorial board, reviewers, academic institutions, or experts. The editorial board will review retraction requests on a case-by-case basis.

An article may be retracted post-publication only under the following circumstances:

Plagiarism or data fabrication has been identified.
Significant methodological or factual errors are discovered that compromise the reliability of the research.
Serious ethical violations are detected (e.g., defamation, infringement of legal rights, misrepresentation of author information, disclosure of conflicts of interest, etc.).
Duplicate publication is identified (incorrect or multiple instances of the same article's publication).
The use of falsified data, fictitious authorship, or fraudulent affiliations is confirmed.
A court order mandates the retraction.

If the editorial board decides to retract an article, the decision will be immediately communicated to the author with a detailed explanation of the reasons.

Retracted articles will remain in the journal's database with their DOI intact, but they will be clearly marked as Retracted in both the title and content, including a statement outlining the reason for the retraction (also reflected in the PDF version).

Retraction notices will be published on the journal’s official website and, if necessary, on Crossmark and other relevant platforms.

The editorial board will also assess the author's responsibility and take appropriate actions in accordance with the journal’s Code of Ethics.

For Readers

Clicking the Crossmark logo will direct readers to the article’s current status and version history, ensuring they access the most reliable version of the scholarly work.

For more information about Crossmark, visit: https://www.crossref.org/services/crossmark